Analisis Dinamika Risiko Kredit, Efisiensi Operasional, dan Likuiditas terhadap Profitabilitas PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. Menggunakan Regresi Linear Ganda

Abstract

This study aims to examine the relationship between credit risk, operational efficiency, and liquidity with the profitability of PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. using multiple linear regression. This research employs a quantitative approach with an associative research design, based on secondary data consisting of quarterly financial ratios from the first quarter of 2015 to the second quarter of 2026, totaling 46 observations. Credit risk is measured using the Gross Non-Performing Loan (NPL) ratio, operational efficiency using the Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO) ratio, liquidity using the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and profitability using Return on Assets (ROA). Data analysis was conducted using RStudio, covering descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, significance testing, coefficient of determination, and classical assumption tests. The results indicate that BOPO has a negative and significant relationship with ROA, while LDR has a positive and significant relationship. Gross NPL does not have a statistically significant relationship with ROA. Simultaneously, the three independent variables have a significant relationship with ROA, with a coefficient of determination of 82.85%. However, the classical assumption tests indicate the presence of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation in the residuals, requiring the results to be interpreted with caution. Overall, operational efficiency is closely associated with Bank Mandiri's profitability. Future research is recommended to employ methods suitable for time-series data characteristics, incorporate additional internal and external banking variables, and extend the observation period or include multiple banks to obtain more comprehensive findings.